{"id":766,"date":"2021-07-01T04:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T04:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/?page_id=766"},"modified":"2024-10-01T09:25:34","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T16:25:34","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano, historic landmark and museum, is the Birthplace of Orange County. It was founded more than two hundred years ago as the 7th of 21 missions statewide and features a chapel still standing where Saint Serra once celebrated Mass. Today, it is a monument to California\u2019s multi-cultural history, embracing its Native American, Spanish, Mexican and European heritage. Originally built as a self sufficient community by Spanish Padres and Native Americans, the Mission was a center for agriculture, industry, education and religion.Famous for the Annual Return of the Swallows, Mission San Juan Capistrano is the \u201cJewel of the California Missions\u201d and welcomes over 300,000 visitors each year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<aside id=\"sidebar-navigation-block_be628c9c6115a0cfb80d86858da9d6d0\" class=\"block-sidebar-navigation w-full mt-8 sm:-mt-24 pl-0 sm:pl-16 lg:pl-32\">\n      <ul class=\"pl-0\">\n\n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/store\/store.php?cats=DONATION\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Donate          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/mission-preservation-foundation\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Our Mission          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/media\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Media          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/jewel-newsletter\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Jewel Newsletter          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/annual-report\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Annual Report          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/employment\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Employment          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n                    <li class=\"list-none first:uppercase\">\n          <a href=\"\/contact-us\"\n            class=\"font-bold mb-5 block\"\n            target=\"\">\n            Contact Us          <\/a>\n        <\/li>\n      \n    \n    <\/ul>\n  <\/aside>\n\n<style>\n  .block-sidebar-navigation li:first-child a {\n      }\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-msjc-gray-medium-color has-text-color\"><strong>About Mission San Juan Capistrano<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/about-missionsjc.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/about-missionsjc.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/about-missionsjc-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano has been home to many people over its 240 years of history. Its history consists of memories and stories of its past inhabitants and present visitors. It is a place of historical, cultural, and religious significance, as well as a place of inspiration and education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano was permanently founded by Junipero Serra on November 1, 1776, as the seventh of 21 missions to be established in California by the Spanish. It had originally been started at the end of the October 1775, but it had to be abandoned after only a week. A Kumeyaay war party destroyed Mission San Diego at the beginning of November, and the soldiers were ordered back to San Diego to reinforce the garrison there. The priests had to go to San Diego with the Soldiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano was established to expand the territorial boundaries of Spain and to spread Christianity to the native peoples of California. Missions and presidios (forts) were projected to be the major institutions for the spread of Spanish rule. Missions were to be agents of assimilation, convincing the native people to become Catholics and teaching them the fundamentals of Spanish agricultural and village life. The object was to transform them into self-sustaining Spanish subjects and members of the colonial order. Presidios were to protect the missions from hostile natives and also to protect the territory from potential incursion by Russia or other European powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano\u2019s establishment in 1776 meant many changes and challenges for the indigenous Acjachemen (Ah-HAWSH-eh-men). The Spanish people brought with them new types of technology, clothing, food, animals, and ideas. The missionaries encouraged the Acjachemen to learn about the Catholic faith and be baptized to join the Mission. However, officially joining the Mission meant the Acjachemen had to change almost everything about their life. They were required to change their culture, language, religion, work, clothing, food, and even their daily schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision to join the missions was not always easy. California mission historian, Steven Hackel, explains with the Spanish arrival \u201ccame horses, mules, oxen and sheep, and they multiplied and thrived. They also devastated indigenous plants and animals, shaping much of California\u2019s now iconic landscape of hillsides barren of all but oaks and dry grasses. The state\u2019s indigenous people were forced to find new food sources, and many of them had little choice but to leave their villages for missions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, living at the Mission also meant exposure to germs. With their arrival, the Spanish unintentionally exposed the Native Americans to illnesses such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, measles, and syphilis. Without modern medical knowledge, there was little success in preventing the spread of disease. Close quarters, poor sanitation, and the lack of natural immunity to common European diseases proved fatal for the indigenous population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is estimated that about 65,000 Native Americans lived in coastal zone of California (mission chain zone) in 1770 and by 1830 only 17,000 remained living, a decline of 74%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After 1812, the Mission began to decline. Many factors were involved in the Missions decline including the earthquake in December of 1812 which caused the Great Stone Church to collapse, the decline in birth rate, the increasing mortality rate of the native population due to disease, the inability of Spanish government to adequately protect and supply the Missions with needed goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, which made Alta California a territory of Mexico. Under new governmental direction, the Mission faced continued decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1845, Governor Pio Pico sold the Mission itself. The Mission was sold at auction to John Forster, Governor Pico\u2019s brother-in-law.&nbsp; For the next 20 years, the Mission was a private ranch property of the Forster family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>California became a state in 1850. California\u2019s Catholic bishop, Joseph Alemany, petitioned the U.S. government to have mission buildings and lands returned to the Catholic Church. In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln returned the Mission to the Catholic Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Starting in the 1870s and throughout the early 1900s, artists, photographers, and visionaries took interest in the missions. Many community leaders joined the campaign for restoration. The Landmarks Club, led by Charles Lummis and resident padre Father St. John O\u2019Sullivan were Mission San Juan Capistrano\u2019s greatest proponents of preservation ushering in a new era for the landmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-msjc-gray-medium-color has-text-color\"><strong>Swallows Legend<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/swallows-story.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/swallows-story.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/swallows-story-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The miracle of the \u201cSwallows\u201d of Capistrano takes place each year at Mission San Juan Capistrano, on March 19th, St. Joseph\u2019s Day. Swallows migrate 6,000 miles from Goya, Argentina to San Juan Capistrano in large groups.&nbsp; The town of San Juan Capistrano welcomes visitors from all parts of the world to witness the return of the swallows, a tradition that has been celebrated since the early 1930s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The Legend of the Cliff Swallows of Capistrano<\/em><\/strong><br>In his book, Capistrano Nights, Father St. John O\u2019Sullivan, Pastor of Mission San Juan Capistrano (1910-1933) tells the story of how the swallows came to call the Mission home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One day, while walking through town, Father O\u2019Sullivan saw a shopkeeper, broomstick in hand, knocking down the conically shaped mud swallow nests that were under the eaves of his shop. The birds were darting back and forth through the air squealingover the destruction of their homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat in the world are you doing?\u201d O\u2019Sullivan asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhy, these dirty birds are a nuisance and I am getting rid of them!\u201d the shopkeeper responded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBut where can they go?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t know and I don\u2019t care,\u201d he replied, slashing away with his pole. \u201cBut they\u2019ve no business here, destroying my property.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Father O\u2019Sullivan then said, \u201cCome on swallows, I\u2019ll give you shelter. Come to the Mission. There\u2019s room enough there for all.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The very next morning, Father O\u2019Sullivan discovered the swallows busy building their nests outsideFather Jun\u00edpero Serra\u2019s Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join us for St. Joseph\u2019s Day and Return of the Swallows Celebration annually on <a href=\"\/events\">March 19th<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-msjc-orange-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Swallows-Story.pdf\" style=\"border-radius:12px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SwALLOWS STORY<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-msjc-gray-medium-color has-text-color\"><strong>Saint Jun\u00edpero Serra (1713 \u2013 1784)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/legacy-saint-serra.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/legacy-saint-serra.jpg 417w, https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/legacy-saint-serra-250x300.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Saint Jun\u00edpero Serra, a Franciscan missionary born and raised in Mallorca, Spain, was appointed the Father President of the Alta California Mission\u2019s in 1769. He had over 15 years of administrative and missionary experience in various parts of Mexico, including the Sierra Gorda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Saint Serra was in his fifties and suffered from a chronic ulcerated condition in his leg when he was assigned to oversee the missions, he had uncompromising optimism in his efforts to convert Native Americans and colonize California. His personal motto was \u201cAlways Forward, Never Back.\u201d Despite hardships, lack of supplies, squabbles with the military leaders, Saint Serra established 9 missions, and converted about 5,000 Native Americans before his death in 1784. He died and was buried at his headquarters Mission Carmel, just outside of Monterey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today we can see Saint Serra\u2019s legacy by exploring Mission San Juan Capistrano\u2019s grounds. Serra Chapel, named in his honor, is the last remaining mission church in which Saint Serra celebrated Mass. When he last visited in 1783, he walked and may have stayed in the South Wing Building, or the Padres\u2019 Living Quarters. The Mission Treasure\u2019s Exhibit also features the \u201cSerra Vestment\u201d which dates back to the 1770s, and was likely used by Saint Serra when he was here. Lastly, the Serra Statue located near the Bell Wall, just turned 100 years old; it was commissioned by Father John O\u2019Sullivan in 1914 to honor Saint Serra who founded Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saint Jun\u00edpero Serra is considered one of the most important Spanish missionaries in the Americas. His historical significance is even represented in U.S. Capital Building\u2019s Statuary Hall. Serra was chosen as one of two historically significant persons to represent the state of California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-msjc-teal-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"\/exhibits\" style=\"border-radius:12px\">EXPLORE EXHIBITS<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-msjc-gray-medium-color has-text-color\"><strong>Bell Ringing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bell-ringer-drawing.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-771\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bell-ringer-drawing.jpg 382w, https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/bell-ringer-drawing-229x300.jpg 229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano\u2019s oldest tradition is the ringing of the historic bells. This tradition is performed by a chosen few. The official bell ringer positions have only been occupied by a handful of men, since the late 1800s. The men who carry out this important ritual today are Michael Gastelum and Nathan Banda. Together they bring history to life by ringing the bells on designated feast days, holidays and community celebrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Four bells were originally cast for Mission San Juan Capistrano and each is named after a Saint (from largest to smallest these names are San Vincente, San Juan, San Antonio, and San Rafael). With the earthquake of 1812 and the collapse of the bell tower, they were relocated to a bell wall, or Campanario. However, the two largest bells, having sustained major damage in the towers collapse, would never ring the same way again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, the original two largest bells (San Vicente and San Juan) hang in the footprint of the bell tower of the ruins of the Great Stone Church were they once hung. On the Bell Wall are two replica large bells, and the original two small bells (San Antonio and San Rafael) which are still rung today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<aside id=\"callout-text-block_d098db7744df96193b9dc4827ae7b6c4\" class=\"block-callout-text w-full bg-primary-beige py-6 pb-2 px-8 rounded-2xl\">\n    <h3 class=\"text-left font-sans font-bold color-orange mb-0\" style=\"\">\n        The historic bells ring every year on these dates:    <\/h3>\n    <div class=\"text-justify\">\n        <p>\u00b7 March 19 Feast Day of St. Joseph<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 July 1 Feast Day of St. Serra<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 September 11 Patriot\u2019s Day<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 September 17 Constitution Day<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 October 23 Feast Day of St. John of Capistrano<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 November 1 Founder\u2019s Day<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 November 24 St. Serra\u2019s Birthday<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 December 8 Day of Remembrance, honoring the victims of the 1812 earthquake.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"text-left\">\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>And also 7 times each day at 9:00 a.m. to honor the legacy of its founder St. Jun\u00edpero Serra, who founded Mission San Juan Capistrano as the 7th of his 9 California missions. For more information, please visit our <a href=\"\/events\">calendar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-msjc-green-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"\/events\" style=\"border-radius:12px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VIEW CALENDAR<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<aside id=\"callout-horizontal-block_ffbe2d1f92ad883b08774ae60d1b0733\" class=\"block-callout-horizontal w-full flex flex-col sm:flex-row px-0 md:px-16 lg:px-32 xl:px-40 mt-10\">\n    <div class=\"bg-cover bg-center w-full sm:w-2\/5 h-60 sm:h-auto\"\n         style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/commercial-filming.jpg')\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"bg-primary-beige w-full sm:w-3\/5 px-8 py-6 sm:px-10 sm:py-8\">\n        <h4 class=\"text-center sm:text-left font-serif mb-1\">\n            Preservation Remains Top Priority at the Mission        <\/h4>\n        <p class=\"text-justify text-base\">\n            The Mission as we know it today would not be here without the long time support and preservation of the site.  Preservation is as much about building and historical artifacts as it is about sharing information about the site.        <\/p>\n                        <a href=\"\/store\/store.php?cats=DONATION\"\n           class=\"btn bg-primary-green text-white font-bold mt-5 mx-auto sm:mx-0 block w-52 max-w-full\"\n           target=\"\"\n           style=\"background-color: ;\">\n            Make a Donation        <\/a>\n                \n    <\/div>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mission San Juan Capistrano, historic landmark and museum, is the Birthplace of Orange County. It was founded more than two hundred years ago as the 7th of 21 missions statewide &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/history\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":767,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-with-nav.blade.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-766","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>History - Mission San Juan Capistrano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.missionsjc.com\/history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mission San Juan Capistrano, historic landmark and museum, is the Birthplace of Orange County. 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